The raised, pink-red clitellum is more central along the body and only partially encircles the body. The anterior portion is usually darker in color compared to the rest of the body. Their bodiesĪre reddish-pink, thick, slimy, and floppy. The cocoons overwinter and survive in the soil, thenhatch continually the following spring and summer, beginning once soil temperatures rise above 50o F.Įuropean earthworms (e.g., nightcrawlers) can live up to 8 years and are active in the spring and fall.Adults are sensitive to cold temperatures and die with the first frost. In the fall, adult worms produce small cocoons (2-4 mm wide hardened egg capsules, no larger than the size of peppercorns).Parthenogenic (each worm can self-fertilize and reproduce on its own without mating).Annual species with 1-2 generations per year.Castings (feces) are similar to the appearance and feel of coffee grounds or ground beef and are evident at the soil surface, often in a uniform and deep layer.Note: Before the clitellum is visible, juveniles can be identified by their active squirming, snake-like movements, and this ability to drop their tails. May shed “tail”/posterior portion if picked up or disturbed.Cloudy-white to gray clitellum (band) encircles the body of adult worms is smooth, not raised, and is located nearer to the front portion of the body.
Sleek, dry, smooth, and firm body less slimy to the touch than other earthworms (e.g., nightcrawlers).
Concern has grown over the last decade over several worm species, predominantly of the Amynthas spp., that are reported to cause damage to the soils of landscapes, lawns, and forests. While most earthworms are not native to the U.S., many earthworm species provide benefits to urban soils by helping to improve soil porosity, drainage, and aeration. Adult jumping worm, with smooth, creamy clitellum.
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